Why do drugs administered to patients generally not contain only Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)?

Drugs administered to patients typically include inactive ingredients, also known as excipients, in addition to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). These inactive components serve several essential functions that enhance the overall effectiveness and usability of the medication.

For example, excipients can be used to provide stability to the drug formulation, ensuring that the API remains effective throughout its shelf life. They may also improve the bioavailability of the API, which is crucial for ensuring that the drug is absorbed effectively in the body. Furthermore, inactive ingredients can aid in the drug's formulation, influencing characteristics like taste, texture, and appearance, which can be particularly important for patient compliance.

While stabilizers and the management of side effects are relevant considerations, they do not encompass the full range of purposes served by inactive ingredients. It is the inclusion of these ingredients that allows for more effective drug delivery and enhances the overall patient experience.