Which of the following best describes the function of interferons?

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of pathogens, particularly viruses. They play a crucial role in the body's defense mechanism against viral infections. When cells are infected by a virus, they release interferons, which then signal neighboring cells to heighten their antiviral defenses, making them more resistant to viral replication. Additionally, interferons can modulate the immune response by activating immune cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells, enhancing the overall ability of the body to fight off viral infections.

Other options such as promoting blood glucose levels, stimulating insulin production, or inhibiting bacterial growth do not accurately describe the role of interferons. While glucose metabolism and bacterial responses are important areas in immunology and endocrinology, they do not relate to the specific function of interferons in the context of viral defense.